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Estimation of average doses of the population of the Czech Republic from medical sources
ŠÍPOVÁ, Aneta
The intention of my diploma thesis was estimate the effective doses from different examinations in the area of the nuclear medicine and radiodiagnosis and find out what numbers are of the examinations in the Czech republic. In the theoretical part I worked with the professional literature, the applicable legal regulations and the internet links. The diploma thesis on the topic "Estimation of average doses of the population of the Czech republic from medical sources" is partition to the two parts. The introductory part of the theoretical work is dedicated to the importance of medical radiation within radiological methods and to the brief description the whole thesis. In the other part od the thesis are summarized the informations about the ionizing radiation - about his history, species, sources, interactions with the environment and biological effects on the organism. In the other part of the thesis which is devoted to radiation protection is listed the basic czech legislation which relates on the given topic. Further are in this thesis within the radiation protection listed her objectives, conception, principles, radiation protection methods, radiation monitoring and basic monitored quantities which are important in terms of the radiation protection. In the last part of the theoretical thesis is listed the medical radiation and his possibilities of use in the medical. In this thesis were to established three objectives. The first objective was to estimate the average effective doses in various examinations in the nuclear medicine and the radiodiagnosis. For selected examinations was calculated the average effective dose for patients who underwent the selected examination in January 2022. In the framework of nuclear medicine, it was an skeletal scintigraphy (96 patients), myocardial perfusion scintigraphy (51 patients), perfusion and ventilation lung scintigraphy (166 patients) and dynamic renal scintigraphy (12 patients). The results of these examinations were compared with data listed in UNSCEAR Report 2020/2021. In the famework of the radiodiagnosis, it was an CT brain natively (226 patients), abdominal CT natively (91 patients), CT chest native (33 patients) and CT of the lumbrar spine natively (46 patients). The results of these examinations were compared with data listed in UNSCEAR Report 2020/2021 and the results listed in the document "Medical radiation assessment" released by the SÚJB in the year 2021. The second objective was to find out how are numbers of examinations mentioned above in Czech republic. For this purpose I was provided with data from ÚZIS. Within this objective were estimated the collective effective doses. The third objective was estimated the relative probability of emergence of stochastic effects (the cancer). For this purpose was used the program named X-ray risk.
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CMP (STROKE) - ALGORITHM OF EXAMINATION METHODS
MACKOVÁ, Pavlína
The bachelor thesis on CMP (stroke) - algorithm of examination methods deals with the disease of stroke, its definition, methods of examination, possible treatment and students' knowledge about this disease. The main objective of this study was to learn about the algorithm of examination methods in stroke and to find out the awareness of the respondents about this topic. The research question was: What is the awareness of the respondents about the process of examination and diagnosis of CMP? The thesis is divided into a theoretical section and a practical section. The first part focuses on the current state. Here the vascular supply to the brain, stroke, algorithm of examination methods and treatment of stroke are covered. Overall, the thesis is divided into six main chapters. The practical part deals with the questionnaire survey. The research purpose of this thesis was fulfilled by means of a questionnaire survey among Radiology Assisting students and Public Protection students with a focus on CBRNE. The questionnaire developed was the same for both groups of students. It was a standardized questionnaire with a choice of one answer each time. The resulting answers were then evaluated in clear graphs. The results of the conducted survey can offer us students' perspectives on anatomical knowledge of the brain, basic information about stroke, selected types of stroke examinations and stroke treatment. In addition, results from Radiology Assisting students and results from Public Protection students with a CBRNE focus can be compared to each other. The results can show us where students make the most mistakes and what information they know instead. Thus, the work can serve as a study material for students of all medical disciplines.
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The comparison of DLP for CT brain examination and recommended DRL value.
VNOUČEK, Miroslav
The aim of the submitted work is to ascertain the quantity of a real dose through a statistic survey for the helical computed tomography examination protocol of the brain on a CT scanner of the RDG department at Benešov Hospital. A further goal is to suggest possible parametric adjustments to the brain examination protocol in view of possibly exceeding the European reference level (diagnostic reference level, DRL) and to optimise the dose when maintaining a sufficient quality of the image diagnostic utilisation rate. The principle of the CT scan and individual parameters most influencing the dose during CT examination and explanation of terms concerning the calculation of the dose in a CT scan are briefly described in the theoretical part of the work. A CT scanner, which has been used for the measuring, setting of scan parameters and dosage of the given examination protocol using the CT dose index volume (CTDIvol) a dose-length product (DLP) before the measurement, are described In the practical part, the extent of the dose-length product (DLP) examination of the brain of an adult on the given CT scan using a statistic survey and its interpretations is evaluated. A method for optimisation of the dose is described in order to mainly fulfil the criteria of the European diagnostic reference level (DRL) for dose-length product (DLP) and at the same time the figures of the usual CT dose index volume (CTDIvol) marked in the National Radiologic Standards for Computed Tomography. The outcomes of the preformed changes are a helical computed tomography examination protocol of the brain with reduced dose-length product (DLP) while maintaining the diagnostic utilisation rate of the examination.
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Hand injuries - The position of imaging methods in their diagnostics
MATTANELLI, Ondřej
This thesis focuses on hand injuries and their diagnoses by imaging techniques from the point of view of a radiology assistant. It studies the area of carpal and metacarpal bones and phalanges. The aim of this thesis is to show procedures and a variety of activities of a radiology assistant during making a diagnosis of a hand injury and to describe possibilities of particular diagnostic modalities for detailed evaluation and characteristics of a hand injury. The integral part is a working hypothesis of different attitudes to clients of different age groups.
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